| List of Illustrations | |
| List of Figures | |
| List of Tables | |
| Preface | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| Pt. 1 | Origins of a New Industry, 1865-1920 | 1 |
| 1 | From Opportunities to Typewriters | 3 |
| 2 | Adding and Calculating Machines | 25 |
| 3 | Hollerith and the Development of Punched Card Tabulation | 44 |
| 4 | Cash Registers and the National Cash Register Company | 64 |
| 5 | Rudiments of an Industry Identified | 79 |
| Pt. 2 | An Age of Office Machines, 1920-1941 | 89 |
| 6 | Economic Conditions and the Role of Standardization | 91 |
| 7 | Products, Practices, and Prices | 105 |
| 8 | Commercial and Scientific Applications of Punched Card Machines | 128 |
| 9 | International Trade in Punched Card Machines | 137 |
| 10 | The Great Depression in the United States | 144 |
| 11 | IBM and Powers/Remington Rand | 149 |
| 12 | Other Accounting Machines and Their Uses | 158 |
| 13 | Vendors, Practices, and Results | 171 |
| Pt. 3 | World War II and the Postwar Office Appliance Industry, 1941-1956 | 187 |
| 14 | Economics, Government Controls, and Applications | 189 |
| 15 | The Role of Major Vendors, 1939-1946 | 206 |
| 16 | Industry Structure, Vendors, and Practices, 1945-1956 | 222 |
| 17 | Business Volumes | 247 |
| 18 | Conclusion: The Roles of Marketing, Distribution, and Technology | 264 |
| Notes | 289 |
| Index | 331 |
