| List of Figures and Tables | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| Notes on Usage and Translation | |
| Introduction | 5 |
| 1 | The Kulturkampf and German National Identity | 19 |
| Protestantism and Kultur: Constructing a National Canon | 20 |
| Force, Freedom, and Cultural Disunity: The Role of the State | 37 |
| The Kulturkampf and the Catholic Community | 42 |
| 2 | Visions of the Nation: The Ideology of Religious Conflict | 50 |
| The Ideology of the Protestant League | 51 |
| Catholics, the Nation, and the Roots of Antagonism | 61 |
| 3 | Religious Conflict and Social Life | 79 |
| "The Invisible Boundary" | 80 |
| Secularization | 85 |
| Confessional Integration and Confessional Conflict | 94 |
| The Social Bases of Confessional Conflict | 102 |
| 4 | The Politics of Nationalism and Religious Conflict, 1897-1906 | 117 |
| Sammlungspolitik, Salutations, and the Jesuit Law: Symbolic Politics | 118 |
| The Underground Politics of the Protestant League | 127 |
| The Reaction of the Catholic Center | 138 |
| 5 | The Politics of Nationalism and Religious Conflict, 1907-14 | 141 |
| German Nationalism and the Catholic Center in the Bulow Bloc | 142 |
| The Organization of the Nation: Religious Conflict inside the Nationalist Pressure Groups | 146 |
| The Collapse of the Bulow Bloc and the Eclipse of Integral Nationalist Politics | 154 |
| 6 | Protestants, Catholics, and Poles: Religious and Nationality Conflicts in the Empire's Ethnically Mixed Areas, 1897-1914 | 169 |
| The Geography of National and Religious Conflict in the Ethnic Borderlands of the Prussian East | 170 |
| German Protestants and Catholic Poles | 173 |
| The Protestant League and the Limits of Protestant Organization in the Ethnic Borderlands | 178 |
| German Catholics and Polish Catholics: The Making of an Antagonism | 185 |
| The Catholic Center and the Nationality Conflict | 191 |
| 7 | Los von Rom: Religious Conflict and the Quest for a Spiritual Pan-Germany | 206 |
| The Allure of Nationalism: The Appeal of Los von Rom | 211 |
| Throne, Altar, and National Religion | 219 |
| Pan-German Politics and the Demise of Los von Rom | 225 |
| Conclusion | 233 |
| Sources | 241 |
| Index | 267 |
