| Acknowledgments | |
| Introduction | 3 |
| Ch. 1 | Probable Knowledge in the Parisian Scientific and Medical Communities during the French Revolution | 8 |
| Ch. 2 | Louis's "Numerical Method" in Early-Nineteenth-Century Parisian Medicine: The Rhetoric of Quantification | 14 |
| Ch. 3 | Nineteenth-Century Critics of Gavarret's Probabilistic Approach | 39 |
| Ch. 4 | The Legacy of Louis and the Rise of Physiology Contrasting Visions of Medical "Objectivity" | 62 |
| Ch. 5 | The British Biometrical School and Bacteriology: The Creation of Major Greenwood as a Medical Statistician | 86 |
| Ch. 6 | The Birth of the Modern Clinical Trial: The Central Role of the Medical Research Council | 115 |
| Ch. 7 | A. Bradford Hill and the Rise of the Clinical Trial | 131 |
| Conclusion | 141 |
| Notes | 151 |
| Bibliography | 177 |
| Index | 191 |
