| | TABLE OF CONTENTS: Acknowledgments ix
PART ONE: THE WAY THINGS STAND 1
1. The Conceit 3
2. A New Agenda for Stoic Ethics 5
3. The Ruins of Doctrine 8
Science, Logic, and Ethics 8
Norms and Moral Training 14
Virtue and Happiness 20
Commentary 22
Acknowledgments 30
PART TWO: THE WAY THINGS MIGHT GO 33
4. Normative Logic 35
Norms and Normative Propositions 36
Normative Constructs 39
Axioms of Stoic Normative Logic 42
5. Following the Facts 43
Impossibilities 44
A Posteriori Normative Propositions 46
Motivated Norms 52
Heteronomous Endeavors, Autonomous Agency, and Freedom 59
Commentary 69
Acknowledgments 80
6. Virtue 81
The Development of Virtue as the Perfection of Agency 81
THE STRUCTURE OF AGENCY 82
AGENCY CONSTRUCTED AND PERFECTED 103
VIRTUE AS IDEAL AGENCY 112
The Argument for Virtue as the Perfection of Agency 114
Exalted Virtue 119
Commentary 123
Acknowledgments 137
7. Happiness 138
A Complete Life 138
A Controlled Life 142
Life on the Rack 146
Joy 148
Commentary 150
Acknowledgments 158
Appendix
A Calculus for Normative Logic 159
Notation and Interpretation 159
Basic Definitions, Rules, and Axioms 163
Normative Constructs 167
Axioms of Stoic Normative Logic 181
Immediate Inferences 182
Commentary 185
Acknowledgments 191
Bibliography 193
Index 201
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