| List of Figures | |
| List of Tables | |
| Preface | |
| 1 | Introduction | 3 |
| 2 | Tactics and Strategies | 28 |
| 3 | Outside Lobbying as Costly Signaling | 58 |
| 4 | Public Opinion and Mobilization | 78 |
| 5 | Outside Lobbying as Conflict Expansion | 101 |
| 6 | Lobbying over Trade Policy | 133 |
| 7 | Conclusion | 155 |
| App. A | Groups and Persons Interviewed | 165 |
| App. B | Questionnaire for Interest Groups | 168 |
| App. C | Opinion Questions | 173 |
| App. D | A Signaling Model of Outside Lobbying | 193 |
| Bibliography | 201 |
| Index | 211 |