| | TABLE OF CONTENTS: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii
A NOTE ON DOCUMENTATION ix
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER ONE Historical Setting 13
Warming, 1976-1979 15
Cooling, 1980-1983 22
Perspectives 36
CHAPTER TWO The Mechanics of Literary Control 56
A Spectrum of Newpoints 56
What Was Controlled? 59
The Literary Control System 63
The Mechanics of Relaxation 68
The Mechanics of Tightening 81
Soviet Comparisons 97
CHAPTER THREE Writers 104
Tradition of Responsibility 104
The Modern Crisis and the Idea of a "Path"106
Establishing National Guidelines 108
Effects of the Anti-Rightist Campaign 110
Maoist Utopianism in Command 113
Kinds and Groups of Writers 116
The Writers' Association 118
Generational Differences 122
Livelihood 129
Dissent 138
Purposes 142
CHAPTER FOUR Media and Market 167
Distribution: Official and Public 167
Distribution: Restricted, Semiofficial, and Unofficial 183
Related Media: Stage, Film, Radio, and Television 198
CHAPTER FIVE Readers: The Popular Level 210
Readership (Audience) Groups 212
Popular Entertainment 220
CHAPTER SIX Readers: Socially Engaged Level 249
Intrusive Politics 254
Special Privilege and Abuse of Power 258
Pervasive Corruption 260
Styles of Bureaucratism 263
The Need for Rule of Law 270
The Problem of Truth 272
The Place of Romance 278
CHAPTER SEVEN The Uses of Literature 284
The Party and Its "Engineering" 286
Problems with Engineering 289
Retreat ftom Engineering 294
Secondary Uses of Engineering 296
The Variety of Other Uses 300
Transcending "Uses" 319
Use and Quality 322
SELECT GLOSSARY OF CHINESE CHARACTERS 333
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED IN THE NOTES 339
INDEX 369
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