| | TABLE OF CONTENTS: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
ABBREVIATIONS xi
INTRODUCTION 3
PART ONE: ETHICS AND IMPERIAL IDEOLOGY 15
CHAPTER ONE The Ethics of Civil War: Competing Communities in Lucan 17
1. Overview 17
2. Traditional Roman Ethical Discourse 20
3. The ''Assimilating'' Viewpoint 29
4. The ''Alienating'' Viewpoint 36
5. Ethics and Armies in Conflict 43
6. The Narrator 47
7. Lucan and Early Imperial Aristocratic Ideology 54
CHAPTER TWO Ethics for the Principate: Seneca, Stoicism, and Traditional Roman Morality 64
I. Overview 64
2. Stoicism's Two Regimes of Value 66
3. Where Does Moral Value Reside? Stoic and Traditional Ethics 70
4. Who Judges and How? Dilemmas of Internal and External Evaluation 77
5. The Problem of Exempla 88
6. Ethics in Julio-Claudian Society: Military Glory and Senecan virtus 97
7. Ethics in Julio-Claudian Society: Flattery and Stoicism 108
8. Conclusion 124
PART TWO: FIGURING THE EMPEROR 127
CHAPTER THREE The Emperor's Authority: Dining, Exchange, and Social Hierarchy 129
I. Overview 129
2. Giving a Dinner: The Convivium as Object of Exchange 135
3. Speech and Power: Amicable and Hostile Reciprocity in the Convivium 146
4. Dining with Rulers: The Construction o f Imperial Authority 154
5. Imperial Authority and Gift Giving 173
6. The Emperor as Gift-Debtor 193
7. Conclusion 210
CHAPTER FOUR Modeling the Emperor: The Master-Slave Relationship and Its Alternatives 213
1. Overview 213
2. Freedom and Slavery: A Social Metaphor in Political Discourse 214
3. Father or Master? Two Models for the Emperor in Julio-Claudian Literature 233
4. Competing Paradigms for the Early Principate 247
5. Social Inversion and Status Anxiety 264
6. Status Anxiety and Stoic Remedies 272
7. Conclusion 286
BIBLIOGRAPHY 289
INDEX 301
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