| | TABLE OF CONTENTS: List of Illustrations and Maps ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xvii
PART I: REHABILITATING THE AMERICAN MIDDLE CLASS 1
One: Rethinking the Middle Class: Politics, History, and Theory 3
Two: Curt Muller and the Capitalist Middle Class: Social Misconstructions of Reality 18
Three: Harry Lane and the Radicalism of Middle-Class Reform 29
PART II: THE POPULIST POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PROGRESSIVE ERA PORTLAND 47
Four: The Contours of Class in Portland 51
Five: Capitalism, Anticapitalism, and the Solidarity of Middle Class and Working Class 74
Six: Petit Bourgeois Politics in Portland and World History 90
Seven: Will Daly: The Petit Bourgeois Hero of Labor 99
PART III: "THE MOST COMPLETE DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD": THE POPULIST RADICALISM OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY 115
Eight: Direct Democracy as Antidemocracy? The Evolution of the Oregon System, 1884-1908 119
Nine: Direct Democracy's Mechanic: William S. U'Ren 127
Ten: From the Grand Reorganization to a Syndicalism of Housewives: Feminist Populism and the Other Spirit of '76 138
Eleven: The Political Economy of Populist Democracy: The Single Tax Movement in Portland, 1908-1916 159
PART IV: A POPULISM OF THE BODY: THE RATIONALITY AND RADICALISM OF ANTIVACCINATIONISM 177
Twelve: A Deluded Mob of Ignorant Fools? The Historiography of Antivaccination, and the Risks of Vaccination 179
Thirteen: Shutting Down the Schools: Parents and Protest in Mt. Scott 191
Fourteen: From the Death of a Child to Sedition against the State: The Life and Ideology of Lora C. Little 197
Fifteen: Direct Democracy and Antivaccination 207
Sixteen: The Success and Radicalism of Antivaccination 218
PART V. THE USES OF POPULISM AFTER PROGRESSIVISM: THE 1922 SCHOOL BILL AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE KU KLUX KLAN 221
Seventeen: School Boards and Strikes: Petite Bourgeoisie against Elite 223
Eighteen: Liberal Populism: The Compulsory Public School Bill 227
Nineteen: Corporate Tools: The Middling World of the Portland Klan 234
Twenty: The Producer's Call and the Portland Housewives' Council: The Tenuous Survival of Petit Bourgeois Radicalism 248
PART VI: CONCLUSION: POPULISM, CAPITALISM, AND THE POLITICS OF THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICAN MIDDLE CLASS 255
Twenty-One: The Lower Middle Class in the American Century 257
Twenty-Two: The Fate of Populism: Moral Economy and the Resurgence of Middle-Class Politics 266
Appendix 1: Tables 279
Appendix 2: Map, Voter Registration Density by Precinct, 1916 291
Abbreviations 293
Notes 295
Index 381
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