TABLE OF CONTENTS: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi
Introduction 1
PART ONE: IMAGES OF BLACKS
ONE
Biblical Israel: The Land of Kush 17
TWO
Biblical Israel: The People of Kush 26
THREE
Postbiblical Israel: Black Africa 41
FOUR
Postbiblical Israel: Black Africans 46
PART TWO: THE COLOR OF SKIN
FIVE
The Color of Women 79
SIX
The Color of Health 93
SEVEN
The Colors of Mankind 95
EIGHT
The Colored Meaning of Kushite in Postbiblical Literature 113
PART THREE: HISTORY
NINE
Evidence for Black Slaves in Israel 131
PART FOUR: AT THE CROSSROADS OF HISTORY AND EXEGESIS
TEN
Was Ham Black? 141
ELEVEN
"Ham Sinned and Canaan was Cursed?!" 157
TWELVE
The Curse of Ham 168
THIRTEEN
The Curse of Cain 178
FOURTEEN
The New World Order: Humanity by Physiognomy 183
Conclusion
Jewish Views of Black Africans and the Development of Anti-Black Sentiment in Western Thought 195
APPENDIX I
When is a Kushite not a Kushite? Cases of Mistaken Identity 201
APPENDIX II
Kush/Ethiopia and India 211
NOTES 213
GLOSSARY OF SOURCES AND TERMS 379
SUBJECT INDEX 395
INDEX OF ANCIENT SOURCES 413
INDEX OF MODERN SCHOLARS 431
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