TABLE OF CONTENTS: LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION xv
INTRODUCTION Tribe, Class, and Nation in Turkmenistan 1
PART I: MAKING A NATION
CHAPTER ONE Sources of Identity among the Turkmen 17
CHAPTER TWO Assembling the Nation: The Creation of a Turkmen National Republic 41
CHAPTER THREE Ethnic Preferences and Ethnic Conflict: The Rise of a Turkmen National Elite 70
CHAPTER FOUR Helpers, Not Nannies: Moscow and the Turkmen Communist Party 100
CHAPTER FIVE Dueling Dialects: The Creation of a Turkmen Language 129
PART II: CONSTRUCTING SOCIALISM
CHAPTER SIX A Nation Divided: Class Struggle and the Assault on "Tribalism" 167
CHAPTER SEVEN Cotton and Collectivization: Rural Resistance in Soviet Turkmenistan 197
CHAPTER EIGHT Emancipation of the Unveiled: Turkmen Women under Soviet Rule 221
CONCLUSION From Soviet Republic to Independent Nation-State 261
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 267
BIBLIOGRAPHY 269
INDEX 287
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