Some of America’s most pressing civil rights issues—desegregation, equal educational and employment opportunities, housing discrimination, and free speech—have been closely intertwined with higher education institutions. Although it is commonly known that college students and other activists, as well as politicians, actively participated in the fight for and against civil rights in the middle decades of the twentieth century, historical accounts have not adequately focused on the roles that the nation’s college presidents played in the debates concerning racism. Based on archival research conducted at a range of colleges and universities across the United States, The Campus Color Line sheds light on the important place of college presidents in the struggle for racial parity.
Focusing on the period between 1948 and 1968, Eddie Cole shows how college presidents, during a time of violence and unrest, strategically, yet often silently, initiated and shaped racial policies and practices inside and outside of the educational sphere. With courage and hope, as well as malice and cruelty, college presidents positioned themselves—sometimes precariously—amid conflicting interests and demands. Black college presidents challenged racist policies as their students demonstrated in the streets against segregation, while presidents of major universities lobbied for urban renewal programs that displaced Black communities near campus. Some presidents amended campus speech practices to accommodate white supremacist speakers, even as other academic leaders developed the nation’s first affirmative action programs in higher education.
The Campus Color Line illuminates how the legacy of academic leaders’ actions continues to influence the unfinished struggle for Black freedom and racial equity in education and beyond.
Eddie R. Cole is associate professor of higher education and organizational change at the University of California, Los Angeles. Twitter @EddieRCole
"The Campus Color Line is a stunning and ambitious origins story. Embedded with breathtaking narratives recovered from meticulous research, this book vividly connects the actions of past college presidents to the racial issues that we, as a society, struggle with today."—Ibram X. Kendi, National Book Award–winning and #1 New York Times–bestselling author
"Relying on a wealth of archival sources that provide detail and depth, The Campus Color Line will interest all those examining higher educational leadership, the Black freedom struggle, and the evolution of different college campuses amidst intense pressures. A welcome addition to the literature, it will be widely read."—Joy Williamson-Lott, author of Jim Crow Campus: Higher Education and the Struggle for a New Southern Social Order
"The Campus Color Line makes an original contribution to the history of the civil rights movement and to the history of higher education in the United States. Based on prodigious research, this important book establishes historical accounts that deserve to be reckoned with."—Nancy Weiss Malkiel, author of “Keep the Damned Women Out”: The Struggle for Coeducation
"This carefully researched and absorbing book explores the ethical dilemmas of academic leaders by examining the efforts of seven university presidents, during the civil rights struggles of the 1960s, to reconcile their moral values with the welfare of their institutions and the conflicting pressures of students and political officials."—Derek Bok, president emeritus of Harvard University and author of Higher Expectations: Can Colleges Teach Students What They Need to Know in the 21st Century?
“Recentering higher education’s role in the history of the civil rights era, The Campus Color Line reminds us that the presidents of colleges and universities played a critical part in shaping all facets of American life. The leaders we encounter in this finely researched account are visionary, careful, astute, and frequently enigmatic, and each found himself buffeted by the politics and politicians of the time. A riveting book.”—Earl Lewis, president emeritus of The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
